Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions
People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two
months. Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. It involves taking the blood from a donor’s arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting. When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipient’s arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease causing bacteria. Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets. Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen alt blood donors and their blood. All donated blood is routine and rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful elements. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets removed. Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process. To freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. To unfreeze the, the glycerol is removed. The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.
Question:
All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusion EXCEPT _____.
Reference explanation:
Correct answer: A
Explain:
All of the following are mentioned as possible negative reactions to a blood transfusion EXCEPT _____.
A. air bubbles in the blood
B. allergies
C. sensitization to donor leukocytes
D. erythrocyte incompatibility
Information:
+ Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red cell incompatibility. (A negative reaction to a blood transfusion is not unusual. Recipients may have an allergic reaction or sensitization to the donor’s white blood cells. Some may have an undiagnosed red blood cell incompatibility. presently.)
→ B, C, D are correct
+ Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets. (Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overload of the circulatory system through an excess blood supply, or sensitization to donor plasma or platelets.) → air bubbles in the blood are the cause, not the negative reaction.
→ A is wrong
→ Choose answer A
ADSENSE
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