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Trong mẫu nguyên tử Bo, electron trong nguyên tử chuyển động trên các quỹ đạo dừng có bán kính rn=n2r0 ( r0 là bán kính Bo,n∈ℕ*). Khi electron chuyển từ quỹ đạo dừng thứ m về quỹ đạo dừng thứ n thì bán kính giảm bớt 21r0 và chu kỳ quay của electron quanh hạt nhân giảm bớt 93,6%. Quỹ đạo dừng thứ m có tên là: – Học trắc nghiệm
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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a person’s tone may indicate or fright, confidence or calm uncertainty. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the participant’s tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are.usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performer’s skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a person’s self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listener receptiveness, interest or sympathy in any given conversation, can alter the tone of presentation, by encouragement or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed. The word “Here” in line 9 refers to………….