The economic renovation in Vietnam _______ in December, 1986 by the Vietnamese Communist Party.

Knowledge: Passive sentence

Sign: in December, 1986 (past time) => use simple past tense to describe actions that started and finished in the past

This is a passive sentence because in the sentence there is the phrase by the Vietnamese Communist Party

Structure: S + was/ were + Vp2

=> The economic renovation in Vietnam was initiated in December, 1986 by the Vietnamese Communist Party.

=> The economic reform in Vietnam was initiated by the Communist Party of Vietnam in December 1986.